The kidneys are essential to life. The kidney has several functions, including what is known as a filtering role:
- The production of red blood cells by the bone marrow thanks to erythropoietin (EPO),
- Regulating blood pressure by balancing the production of hormones (renin and angiotensin),
- Maintaining bone quality by producing the active form of vitamin D.
The body is gradually poisoned by waste products that are no longer eliminated by the kidneys.
Kidney failure is said to be chronic when this loss of function is progressive and the damage to the kidneys is permanent. In many cases, it progresses gradually over several years.
Kidney function is measured by the level of creatinine in the blood, but this level varies with the person's muscle mass and sex. This is why the degree of renal failure is defined by glomerular filtration rate, measured by creatinine clearance, which is more accurate.
According to the French classification, there are 4 stages of renal failure:
Hyperkalaemia (too much potassium in the blood) can lead to cardiac arrest.
Daily urinary elimination (diuresis) is poorly adapted, leading to water and salt overload. This water and salt overload can also lead to high blood pressure.
In addition, the deficient production of erythropoietin by the diseased kidney leads to anaemia.
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